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Page 7 Session 3 DRABCD

C=Circulation

 NO Circulation

No Circulation is the term used in paediatric first aid when a child or baby has stopped breathing. The heart is no longer pumping blood around the body.

There are many incidents or illnesses that may cause circulation to fail. Here are just a few.

  • Obstructed airway
  • Internal bleeding
  • External bleeding
  • Heart failure
  • Stroke
  • Head injuries

CPR for a Child (You are on your own)

 CPR-Non Breathing Child

You have just completed your Primary Assessment:

1. You checked for danger

2. You checked for a response

3. You shouted for help 

4. You opened the child's airways

5. You checked breathing for 10 seconds

   You are on your own. The child is not breathing.

                  WHAT DO YOU DO NEXT?

Step 1

Step 3

Step 1

​IMPORTANT!

Should help be available, it is important to send them to call for the emergency services as soon as non-breathing is established.

Note: This is a practical subject and will be taught further in your workshop.

Step 2

Step 3

Step 1

HEAD & CHIN TILT

Just before you give 5 rescue breaths, you must ensure the airways are clear and the tongue is lifted from the back of the throat. You should have noticed if there are any objects in the area of the mouth. Consider a Pocket Mask if blood or vomit is present.

Step 3

Step 3

5 Rescue Breaths

Pinch the child's nose while their head is tilted back, form a seal with your mouth over the child's mouth, force the first breath in, looking at the chest, look for the rise and fall. Once you have established the air is going in, give a further 4 breaths steady, release the nose between each breath.

Step 4

30 Compression's  

Give the child 30 compressions with one hand placed in the center of the child's chest between the nipple line. Compress to the depths of 5 cm and at a rate between 100-120 compressions per minute. 

Step 5

2 Rescue Breaths

 Give child 2 more rescue breaths, mouth-to-mouth. Remember to pinch the child's nose to prevent air escaping.  

Step 6

 REPEAT

30 Compression's  

Give the child 30 compressions with one hand placed in the center of the child's chest between the nipple line. Compress to the depths of 5 cm and at a rate between 100-120 compressions per minute. 

IMPORTANT!

You have now performed 1 minute of CPR. If the child shows no response, you must go and make the call 999/112 

Inform them :

1. Who you are

2. Where you are

3. What CPR have you given a child

4. State you are on your own

5. State AED present or not

Return to Child and start CPR (2 Breath- 30 Compression's)

Abnormal breathing in a child or baby could be Respiratory Arrest!

 


Recognition of a child/Baby with abnormal breathing

Respiratory Arrest

🫁 Respiratory Arrest

  • What happens: The lungs stop functioning, and little or no air enters or leaves.
  • Causes: Choking, asthma attack, opioid overdose, and neurological damage.
  • Signs: No breathing, bluish skin, unconsciousness, but a weak/absent pulse may still be felt.
  • Treatment: Open airway, provide 5 rescue breaths, continue CPR for 1 minute if alone, if help is present, send them to call emergency services. 

.

Important between normal and abnormal breathing


👶 Assessing Abnormal Breathing in a Child or Baby 


1. Initial Safety & Responsiveness

  • Ensure the environment is safe.
  • Check if the child/baby responds to gentle stimulation (tap, call their name, or flick the soles of the feet in infants).

2. Open the Airway

  • Place the child on their back.
  • Use the head tilt–chin lift.
  • For infants, keep the head in a neutral position (do not overextend).

3. Check Breathing (10 seconds)

  • Look: Observe chest and abdomen for rise and fall.
  • Listen: Place your ear near the mouth/nose for breath sounds.
  • Feel: Sense airflow on your cheek.

4. Count Breaths

  • Count the number of breaths in 10 seconds.
  • Multiply by 6 to calculate breaths per minute. 
    • Example: 2 breaths in 10 seconds → (2 \times 6 = 12) breaths/min. This is Abnormal breathing for a child. 

5. Assess Quality

  • Ensure inhale and exhale are present.
  • Check that each breath produces an effective rise and fall of the chest/abdomen.
  • Note if breathing is regular, shallow, laboured, or absent.

6. Normal Breathing Rates

                 Age Group Normal Breaths per Minute  

   Infant (0–1 year) 30–60   

 Toddler (1–3 years) 24–40  

 Child (3–12 years) 18–30  

 Adolescent (12–18 years) 12–16     

7. Action if Abnormal

  • Slow, irregular, or absent breathing → Begin rescue breaths immediately.
  • Laboured breathing (grunting, nasal flaring, chest retractions) → Call emergency services and prepare for assisted ventilation.
  • No breathing (respiratory arrest) → Start rescue breaths and progress to CPR if no pulse.

✅ Summary:
When assessing a child or baby’s breathing, check for 10 seconds, count breaths, multiply by 6, and confirm inhale/exhale with an effective chest rise. Compare against normal rates for age, and act immediately if breathing is inadequate or absent.


Page 8 Session 3 DRABCD

CPR For Babies

 CPR-Non Breathing Baby

You have just completed your Primary Assessment:

1. You checked for danger

2. You checked for response(Flick Foot)

3. You shouted for help 

4. You opened the baby's airways

5. You checked breathing for 10 seconds; babies tend to breathe 

      fast at between 30-60 breaths per minute.

   You are on your own. The baby is not breathing.

                  WHAT DO YOU DO NEXT?

IMPORTANT!

You have now performed 1 minute of CPR. If the baby shows no response, you must go, pick up the baby, take it with you, and make the call 999/112 

Inform them :

1. Who you are

2. Where you are

3. What CPR have you given Baby

4. State you are on your own


Place baby on the floor and start CPR (2 Breath- 30 Compression's)

Step 1

​IMPORTANT!

Should help be available, it is important to send them to call for the emergency services as soon as non-breathing is established.

Note: This is a practical subject and will be taught further in your workshop.

Step 2

HEAD & CHIN TILT

Just before you give 5 rescue breaths, you must ensure the airway is clear and the tongue is lifted from the back of the throat. You should have noticed if there are any objects in the area of the mouth. Consider a CPR Pocket Mask if blood or vomit is present.

Step 3

5 Rescue Breaths

 While their head is tilted back, form a seal with your mouth over the babies  mouth and nose, blow lightly into the baby's mouth and nose, look down at the chest, looking for the rise and fall. Once you have established effective rise and fall, give a further 4 breaths steady, lift your head away between each breath. 

DO NOT FORCE BREATHS

Step 4

30 Compression's  

Give the baby 30 compressions with two fingers placed in the center of the baby's chest between the nipple line. Compress to the depths of 2-3 cm and at a rate between 100-120 compressions per minute. 

Step 5

Step 5

2 Rescue Breaths

 Give baby 2 more rescue breaths, mouth-to-mouth and nose. 

Step 6

Step 5

 REPEAT

30 Compression's  

Give the baby another 30 compressions with two fingers placed in the center of the baby's chest between the nipple line. Compress to the depths of 2-3 cm and at a rate between 100-120 compressions per minute. 

Important Rule

1 Minute Rule

When established, the baby is not breathing

You should conduct CPR for 1 minute

5 -Breaths

30- Compressions

2 - Breaths

30- Compressions

Pick the baby up and find a phone to call 999/112

EASY TO REMEMBER

5-30

2-30

GO!

Do Not Use AED On Babies

 It is not advised to use the AED baby under 12 months old. Once you start CPR, do not stop until the medical services have arrived.

Important !

It is important to know that this cycle should take no more than 1 minute. The aim is to resuscitate the baby.

You must phone for an ambulance if you are on your own after 1 minute of CPR.

Note: TAKE THE BABY WITH YOU.


Important!

Once you have made that call, lay the baby on the floor and continue with effective CPR

2 Breaths then 30 Compressions

Do Not Stop!

CPR for Babies Assessment 2

 

Take your time as you go through this assessment. Read the question as some have more than 1 answer. This assessment requires you to score 7 out of 10. Your score will appear at the end of the assessment, you can check your answers, and an email will be sent to you and Life Lines of the results

GOOD LUCK

Click to Take Assessment
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